Identify the independent (manipulated) and dependent (responding) variables in a scientific investigation. Draw conclusions about the relationship between two variables using quantitative data.

This lab includes a theoretical explanation of how buffers work and how they are made, including a derivation of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Students will use what they have learned to ...

Dawson, H. M., and Spivey, E., J. Chem. Soc., 2180 (1930). Bell, R. P., and Jones, P., J. Chem. Soc., 88 (1953). Swain, C. G., Di Milo, A. J., and Cordner, J. P., J ...