Research was undertaken to develop a model for activated sludge, integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS), and moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) systems. The model can operate with up to 12 cells ...

Similar to soil and sediment, activated sludge (AS) is a highly complex system of eukaryotes (protozoa and fungi), bacteria, archaea and viruses, in which bacteria are dominant. Despite its importance ...

Pilot-scale integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) and non-IFAS control systems were compared, with respect to overall performance and functional behaviors and microbial population composition ...

The pandemic has triggered a major increase in the use of medical facilities and drugs, which has exacerbated pollution in wastewater biochemical treatment systems. Pollution from environmental rare ...

Titan Mem-Box is a compact, packaged membrane system that converts conventional activated sludge treatment plants into ...