Mount Sinai researchers have discovered distinct roles for two dopamine receptors located on nerve cells within the portion of the brain that controls approach vs. avoidance behavior. These receptors ...

Facial expressions play a fundamental role in social communication. While it is well established that others’ expressions influence our behavior—such as approaching a smiling person or avoiding an ...

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 118, No. 42 (October 19, 2021), pp. 1-12 (12 pages) Determining the valence of an odor to guide rapid ...

Avoidance learning is part of an organism’s survival instinct, as it develops a response to evade a hostile stimulus before it happens. After experiencing an unpleasant stimulus, organisms start to ...