Daniel Jassy, CFA, is an Investopedia Academy instructor and the founder of SPYderCRusher Research. He contributes to Excel and Algorithmic Trading. David Kindness is a Certified Public Accountant ...

Master calculating cost of equity in Excel using CAPM. Discover step-by-step guidance on market return, risk-free rate, and beta components for effective investment decisions.

Calculating stock growth rates can be challenging and seem intimidating, especially with all the numbers and terminology getting thrown around. Every investor has a preferred way of calculating that ...

Every thriving business relies on a robust return on investment (ROI) to help gauge whether its investments are yielding a profit. Although you as an individual investor possess shallower pockets than ...

The rate of return on an annuity is a crucial aspect to consider when evaluating the suitability of this retirement ...

The Forward Rate of Return (FRR) was popularized by noted Investment Manager Donald Yacktman. The whole purpose of stock investing is balance the present rate of return, i.e., the dividend (if any) I ...

Real rate of return adjusts for inflation, providing a true growth measure. S&P 500's real rate is 7.9%, versus a nominal 11.8%, due to inflation. Using real rates in retirement planning ensures ...

ROI measures return on cost or equity in real estate, aiding investment comparisons. Using leverage in real estate can greatly increase ROI by considering invested equity. As property risk and efforts ...

Calculating return on investment (ROI) on a rental property is essential for understanding its profitability and making informed decisions as an investor. ROI measures how much profit you’re ...