Fractional calculus extends the classical notions of differentiation and integration to non-integer orders, offering an adaptable framework that is particularly well suited to modelling anomalous ...

The original version of this story appeared in Quanta Magazine. Calculus is a powerful mathematical tool. But for hundreds of years after its invention in the 17th century, it stood on a shaky ...

A long-standing challenge to evolutionary theory has been whether it can explain the origin of complex organismal features. We examined this issue using digital organisms—computer programs that ...