The study of electrophysiology began in the 18 th century with Luigi Aloisio Galvani’s pioneering experimental discovery. The legs of a dead frog could be induced to twitch when a small electric shock ...

Cells send electrical impulses throughout the body, but electrophysiologists struggled to tune into these signals until the patch clamp technique was developed. Although biophysicist Bernard Katz from ...

Manual patch clamping requires considerable skill and experience due to the technically challenging setup requirements, and as such, only allows recording of a small sample of cells (approximately ...