Various such as Mercator 's projectionProjection methodYou can see how much deformed it is compared with the actual terrain while comparing 2D maps using 3D globe with "Visualizing map distortion"is.

The flat world map we normally see is made by the Mercator projection, which is a cylindrical map projection developed by cartographer Gerardus Mercator in 1569. While the linear scale is equal in all ...