Reinforcement learning theory posits that learning can occur by means of calculating prediction errors (PEs) 1. The seminal discovery that the phasic firing of dopamine neurons in the primate midbrain ...

• The choice between an observational study and a randomized controlled trial (RCT) is not binary. • No algorithm exists for determining whether an observational study or an RCT is best for answering ...

Social learning theory, developed by psychologist Albert Bandura, uses theories of classical and operant conditioning. But in this theory, the environment plays a large part in learning. We model the ...