The average textbook definition of modulation reads: modulation is a process in which the frequency, phase or amplitude of a carrier wave varies in step with the instantaneous value of the modulating ...

An arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) is a powerful and flexible signal source capable of generating any wave shape within the bandwidth and amplitude range of the generator. Populating an AWG with ...

One of the most powerful ways to maximize FM modulation is by peak clipping. Clipping off those peaks or the overshoots that wind up in a system can easily give an FM station 1 dB (20 percent) or more ...

Modern mid-range oscilloscopes have more features than most engineers ever use. This article summarizes ten oscilloscope applications that may surprise you. In any event, you may find them useful. Use ...

In the late 1970s, television de- modulators became available with synchronous detectors, providing a method of monitoring the in-phase and quadrature signal components of television transmitters.