Morphology of a fern -- How to use the keys in this field guide -- Keys for quick visual identification -- Life cycle of a fern -- The place of ferns and their allies in the plant kingdom -- ...

(a) Sporophytes and (b) independent gametophytes. (c) Strap-like individual gametophytes under the microscope. Scale bar is 5.0mm. (d) Clonal forming (reproduction) by gametophytes under the ...

Imagine a photograph of your great-grandparents, grandparents and parents side by side. You’d see a resemblance, but each generation would look distinct from its predecessors. This is the process of ...

In research published in the American Journal of Botany, Department of Earth Sciences Assistant Professor in Residence Tammo Reichgelt used citizen science data to show that while some ferns prefer to ...