The matrix M is based on the Pseudo-Hadamard Transform (PHT) in the original SAFER family of ciphers. The matrix M can be realized as a series of 2-PHT butterflies and Armenian Shuffles ( a kind of ...

Inverse optimisation and linear programming have emerged as crucial instruments in addressing complex decision-making problems where underlying models must be inferred from observed behaviour. At its ...

"Together with the matrix product operator representation of the duality, this allowed us to write this seemingly non-invertible transformation as a unitary quantum circuit," said Lootens. "Since ...