Since the earliest versions of indoor LED light bulbs were developed, their designers have faced a variety of technical challenges. These include AC-to-DC power conversion, thermal design/heat-sinking ...

We know that LED is a two terminal semiconductor device. It is used in most of the electronic circuits as a sign or visual representation to the normal human to know that circuit is working properly.

As their production costs fall, LEDs are being used more often in applications ranging from handheld devices to automotive and architectural lighting. Their high reliability (operational lifetimes of ...

Time will always be“of the essence” for professional engineers and amateur enthusiasts alike. This can certainly be said about the process of designing circuits involving Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs).