Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and difference equations serve as complementary tools in the mathematical modelling of processes evolving in continuous and discrete time respectively. Together ...

We examine transformations and disconjugacy for general symplectic systems which include as special cases linear Hamiltonian difference systems and Sturm-Liouville difference equations of higher order ...

The paper discusses asymptotic stability conditions for a four-parameter linear difference equation appearing in the process of discretization of a delay differential equation. We present two types of ...

This rapidly evolving field extends classical discrete calculus by introducing non-integer, or fractional, orders of difference operators. Such an approach is particularly well suited to modelling ...

Find out why the most popular mathematical subjects in engineering in 2026 are calculus and linear algebra. Discover how these 'twin engines' drive everything from generative AI and sustainable energy ...