Force spectroscopy relies on the precise measurement of forces acting on a probe as it interacts with a sample. The key principles of force spectroscopy include: AFM-based force spectroscopy is the ...

Molecular spectroscopy studies the interactions of light and matter. In addition to electronic states, molecules can store energy by vibrating and rotating. Molecular spectroscopy studies the ...

FTIR deals with the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum, and it works by measuring how much light is absorbed by the bonds of vibrating molecules to provide a molecular fingerprint. The ...