The difficulties associated with simulating the freezing of water resemble those of the protein-folding problem: real proteins fold into a unique native structure from numerous denatured states 10,11, ...

Findings in nuclear physics theory have received several Nobel Prizes (1975-nucleus vibrations and rotations, 1963-nuclear shell model, 1949-meson exchange model of nuclear forces). Despite these ...

There are 118 elements. Each element is unique by virtue of the different numbers of electrons, protons, and neutrons its atoms contain. Isotopes are atoms of a given element that vary only in the ...

Astronomers have revealed that a well-known, nearby galaxy has a rare double-nucleus structure. The so-called "Cocoon Galaxy" not only has a unique shape, it has a rare double-nucleus structure, ...

Scientists from Singapore and Germany have identified that the proteins lamin A (Lmna) and lamin B receptor (Lbr) are essential for holding silent genes in their correct position at the edge of the ...

A researcher stands behind a metal pipe covered with electrical cords and gauges. A researcher works on a device at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams. This part of the facility provides low-energy ...