The Nature Index 2025 Research Leaders — previously known as Annual Tables — reveal the leading institutions and countries/territories in the natural and health sciences, according to their output in ...

Device scaling is getting much harder at each new process node. Even defining what it means is becoming a challenge. In the past, gate length and metal pitch went down and device density went up.

Device scaling in advanced CMOS nodes is becoming more difficult due to patterning limitations and complex 3-D transistor integration schemes. This also makes the devices more sensitive to patterning ...