The interactions of the quarks and gluons that make up protons and neutrons are so strong that the structure of protons and neutrons is difficult to calculate from theory and must be instead measured ...

New force distributions revealed by the calculations, on top of the probability map of finding a quark in the proton. Scientists have now mapped the forces acting inside a proton, showing in ...

Quantum electrodynamics (QED) stands as one of the most rigorously tested theories in modern physics, offering a comprehensive framework to describe the interactions between charged particles and the ...

Data from past proton-electron collisions provide strong evidence of entanglement among the proton's sea of quarks (spheres) and gluons (squiggles), which may play an important role in their ...

Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Brookhaven National Laboratory and collaborators have a new way to use data from high-energy particle smashups to peer inside protons. Their ...

Two experiment collaborations, the g2p and EG4 collaborations, combined their complementary data on the proton's inner ...

Alfredo has a PhD in Astrophysics and a Master's in Quantum Fields and Fundamental Forces from Imperial College London. Alfredo has a PhD in Astrophysics and a Master's in Quantum Fields and ...

In the middle of the last century, physicists found that protons can resonate, much like a ringing bell. Advances over the last three decades have led to 3D pictures of the proton and significant ...

For a lesson on just how much—and just how little—we really know about the universe, consider protons. We know these tiny, positively charged particles reside within the nucleus of every atom and ...