When considered as orthogonal bases in distinct vector spaces, the unit vectors of polarization directions and the Laguerre–Gaussian modes of polarization amplitude are inseparable, constituting a ...

Peter Shor didn’t set out to break the internet. But an algorithm he developed in the mid-1990s threatened to do just that. In a landmark paper, Shor showed how a hypothetical computer that exploited ...

The rise of quantum computing and its implications for current encryption standards are well known. But why exactly should quantum computers be especially adept at breaking encryption? The answer is a ...

The advent of quantum computing poses substantial risks to conventional cryptographic mechanisms, particularly hash-based authentication and zero-knowledge identification (ZKI) protocols, which are ...