Originally launched in 1997, Solar Pro is a high-precision software tool for designing, analyzing, and evaluating the performance and economic feasibility of photovoltaic systems. With over 3,700 ...

Soiling from dust and other particles is one of the biggest causes of PV underperformance worldwide. Image: Kiwa PI Berlin. Soiling-related losses are among the most serious threats to PV performance.

Researchers in Spain reviewed six models used to calculate incidence angle modifier (IAM) losses in photovoltaic systems. They identified the Martín-Ruiz model as the most comprehensive, as it ...