Heat is a one form of energy that runs from substance having high temperature to a substance with low temperature with respect to a specific matter. Heat is a one form of energy that runs from ...

Phase transitions, as the condensation of a gas to a liquid, are often revealed by a discontinuous behaviour of thermodynamic quantities. For liquid helium, for example, a divergence of the specific ...

Quantum criticality is a central paradigm in physics. It unifies the description of diverse systems in the vicinity of a second-order, zero-temperature quantum phase transition, governed by a quantum ...