Simply put, these instruments seek to spare civilians and others who are no longer active combatants from the effects of hostilities by placing restrictions and prohibitions on the conduct of warfare.

Robert Goldman does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond ...

Smoke rising from buildings in Gaza after retaliatory Israeli air strikes on October 15, 2023. Photo by MOHAMMED SABER/EPA-EFE/Shutterstock In recent days, my ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. Jill Goldenziel writes & consults on security, law, & business risk. Proportionality in war does not mean balancing number of ...

The hoary doctrine of “proportionality” from the “just war” theory is being sorely tested by the wars in the Middle East and Ukraine. The premise of this theory, as first expounded in the West by ...

The new scope of discovery outlined in Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(b)(1) has been discussed and analyzed by courts across the country. Surprisingly, some of this discussion has included ...

We propose that a principle of proportionality be applied to genomic data that weighs the depth of data (what is shared) against the breadth of sharing (with whom). Broad sharing of research data is ...