CAMBRIDGE, MA -- Industrial yeasts are a powerhouse of protein production, used to manufacture vaccines, biopharmaceuticals, and other useful compounds. In a new study, MIT chemical engineers have ...

Three-letter DNA “words” can decide whether a yeast cell cranks out a medicine efficiently or sputters along. The words are called codons, and they are the genetic code’s way of spelling out amino ...

From gene therapy to vaccine development, plasmids are vital tools — but only if they’re designed, optimized, and verified with precision. Advances in codon optimization, long-read sequencing, and ...