Abstract: Multiple access (MA) is a crucial part of any wireless system and refers to techniques that make use of the resource dimensions (e.g., time, frequency, power, antenna, code, and message) to ...

The geometry of space, the setting in which physical laws operate, may hold clues to some of the biggest unanswered questions in fundamental physics. The underlying structure of spacetime itself could ...

In 1919, physicist Theodor Kaluza hypothesized that extra dimensions might solve some outstanding problems in physics. And while we haven't found any evidence yet for anything outside our normal ...

Learn how to crochet a beautiful heart sweater that’s beginner-friendly and adjustable to any size. This tutorial covers step-by-step instructions, tips for custom sizing, and makes a perfect gift or ...

Learn how to crochet a beautiful rose in two sizes with detailed leaf accents! This step-by-step guide is perfect for beginners and experienced crocheters alike, ideal for decorations, gifts, or ...

Large language models are typically refined after pretraining using either supervised fine-tuning (SFT) or reinforcement fine-tuning (RFT), each with distinct strengths and limitations. SFT is ...

Background Interoception describes the predictive representation and control of internal bodily states. We compared dimensions of interoception across three groups: functional seizures (FS), epileptic ...

Recent advances in large language models have significantly improved textual reasoning through the effective use of Chain-of-Thought (CoT) and reinforcement learning. However, extending these ...

Abstract: Space-charge-limited current (SCLC) remains a critical issue across material phases (vacuum, gas, liquids, and solids) and timescales. The solution for one-dimensional (1D), planar SCLC ...

Functional programming, as the name implies, is about functions. While functions are part of just about every programming paradigm, including JavaScript, a functional programmer has unique ...