Abstract: An open-circuit voltage (OCV) model, which represents OCV as a function of state of charge (SOC), is essential for estimating the state of a battery. Typically, the OCV-SOC characteristic is ...

Abstract: We experimentally demonstrate a UOWC system using uneven PAM4 scheme with a piecewise linear equalizer, achieving a 94.5% reduction of mean squared error, which matches the standard quality ...