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Distillation Tower A distillation column is a large cylindrical tower used in the petroleum refining and petrochemical ndustries to separate a mixture of liquids into its individual components based on their boiling points. The column operates on the principle of fractional distillation, which takes advantage of the fact that liquids with different boiling points vaporize at different temperatures. In a distillation column, the mixture is heated and vaporized at the bottom of the column, and the